There are many different types of cell in the human body.
Cells that are derived primarily from endodermh2> Exocrine secretory epithelial cells
- Salivary gland mucous cell (polysaccharide-rich secretion)
- Salivary gland number 1 (glycoprotein enzyme-rich secretion)
- Von Ebner's gland cell in tongue (washes taste buds)
- Mammary gland cell (milk secretion)
- Lacrimal gland cell (tear secretion)
- Ceruminous gland cell in ear (earwax secretion)
- Eccrine sweat glandering dark cell (glycoprotein secretion)
- Eccrine sweat gland clear cell (small molecule secretion)
- Apocrine sweat gland cell (odoriferous secretion, sex-hormone sensitive)
- Gland of Moll cell in eyelid (specialized sweat gland)
- Sebaceous gland cell (lipid-rich sebum secretion)
- Bowman's gland cell in nose (washes olfactory epithelium)
- Brunner's gland cell in duodenum (enzymes and alkaline mucus)
- Seminal vesicle cell (secretes seminal fluid components, including fructose for swimming sperm)
- Prostate gland cell (secretes seminal fluid components)
- Bulbourethral gland cell (mucus secretion)
- Bartholin's gland cell (vaginal lubricant secretion)
- Gland of Littre cell (mucus secretion)
- Uterus endometrium cell (carbohydrate secretion)
- Insolated goblet cell of respiratory and digestive tracts (mucus secretion)
- Stomach lining mucous cell (mucus secretion)
- Gastric gland zymogenic cell (pepsinogen secretion)
- Gastric gland oxyntic cell (hydrochloric acid secretion)
- Pancreatic acinar cell (bicarbonate and digestive enzyme secretion
- Paneth cell of small intestine (lysozyme secretion)
- Type II pneumocyte of lung (surfactant secretion)
- Club cell of lung
Hormone-secreting cells
- Anterior pituitary cells
- Somatotropes
- Lactotropes
- Thyrotropes
- Gonadotropes
- Corticotropes
- Intermediate pituitary cell, secreting melanocyte-stimulating hormone
- Magnocellular neurosecretory cells
- nonsecreting oxytocin
- secreting vasopressin
- Gut and respiratory tract cells
- secreting serotonin
- secreting endorphin
- secreting somatostatin
- secreting gastrin
- secreting secretin
- nonsecreting cholecystokinin
- secreting insulin
- secreting glucagon
- nonsecreting bombesin
- Thyroid gland cells
- Thyroid epithelial cell
- Parafollicular cell
- Parathyroid gland cells
- Parathyroid chief cell
- Oxyphil cell
- Adrenal gland cells
- Chromaffin cells
- secreting steroid hormones (mineralocorticoids and gluco corticoids)
- Leydig cell of testes secreting testosterone
- Theca interna cell of ovarian follicle secreting estrogen
- Corpus luteum cell of ruptured ovarian follicle secreting progesterone
- Granulosa lutein cells
- Theca lutein cells
- Juxtaglomerular cell (renin secretion)
- Macula densa cell of kidney
- Peripolar cell of kidney
- Mesangial cell of kidney
- Pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans)
- Alpha cells (secreting glucagon)
- Beta cells (secreting insulin and amylin)
- Delta cells (secreting somatostatin)
- PP cells (gamma cells) (secreting pancreatic polypeptide)
- Epsilon cells (secreting ghrelin)
Derived primarily from ectoderm
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Integumentary system
Keratinizing epithelial cells
- Epidermal keratinocyte (differentiating epidermal cell)
- Epidermal basal cell (stem cell)
- Keratinocyte of fingernails and toenails
- Nail bed basal cell (stem cell)
- Medullary hair shaft cell
- Cortical hair shaft cell
- Cuticular hair shaft cell
- Cuticular hair root sheath cell
- Hair root sheath cell of Huxley's layer
- Hair root sheath cell of Henle's layer
- External hair root sheath cell
- Hair matrix cell (stem cell)
Wet stratified barrier epithelial cells
- Surface epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of cornea, tongue, oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, distal urethra and vagina
- basal cell (stem cell) of epithelia of cornea, tongue, oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, distal urethra and vagina
- Urinary epithelium cell (lining urinary bladder and urinary ducts)
Nervous system
- Somatotropes
- Lactotropes
- Thyrotropes
- Gonadotropes
- Corticotropes
- nonsecreting oxytocin
- secreting vasopressin
- secreting serotonin
- secreting endorphin
- secreting somatostatin
- secreting gastrin
- secreting secretin
- nonsecreting cholecystokinin
- secreting insulin
- secreting glucagon
- nonsecreting bombesin
- Thyroid epithelial cell
- Parafollicular cell
- Parathyroid chief cell
- Oxyphil cell
- Chromaffin cells
- secreting steroid hormones (mineralocorticoids and gluco corticoids)
- Granulosa lutein cells
- Theca lutein cells
- Alpha cells (secreting glucagon)
- Beta cells (secreting insulin and amylin)
- Delta cells (secreting somatostatin)
- PP cells (gamma cells) (secreting pancreatic polypeptide)
- Epsilon cells (secreting ghrelin)
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There are nerve cells, also known as neurons, present in our human body. They are branched out. These cells make up nervous tissue. A neuron consists of a cell body with a nucleus and cytoplasm, from which long thin hair-like parts arise.
Sensory transducer cells
- Auditory inner hair cell of organ of Corti
- Auditory outer hair cell of organ of Corti
- Basal cell of olfactory epithelium (stem cell for olfactory neurons)
- Cold-sensitive primary sensory neurons
- Heat-sensitive primary sensory neurons
- Merkel cell of epidermis (touch sensor)
- Olfactory receptor neuron
- Pain-sensitive primary sensory neurons (various types)
- Photoreceptor cells of retina in eye:
- Photoreceptor rod cells
- Photoreceptor blue-sensitive cone cell of eye
- Photoreceptor green-sensitive cone cell of eye
- Photoreceptor red-sensitive cone cell of eye
- Proprioceptive primary sensory neurons (various types)
- Touch-sensitive primary sensory neurons (various types)
- Chemoreceptor glomus cells of carotid body cell (blood pH sensor)
- Outer hair cell of vestibular system of ear (acceleration and gravity)
- Inner hair cell of vestibular system of ear (acceleration and gravity)
- Taste receptor cell of taste bud
Autonomic neuron cells
- Cholinergic neural cell (various types)
- Adrenergic neural cell (various types)
- Peptidergic neural cell (various types)
Sense organ and peripheral neuron supporting cells
- Inner pillar cell of organ of Corti
- Outer pillar cell of organ of Corti
- Inner phalangeal cell of organ of Corti
- Outer phalangeal cell of organ of Corti
- Border cell of organ of Corti
- Hensen cell of organ of Corti
- Vestibular apparatus supporting cell
- Taste bud supporting cell
- Olfactory epithelium supporting cell
- Schwann cell
- Satellite glial cell (encapsulating peripheral nerve cell bodies)
- Enteric glial cell
Central nervous system neurons and glial cells
- Neuron cells (large variety of types, still poorly classified)
- Interneurons
- Basket cells
- Cartwheel cells
- Stellate cells
- Golgi cells
- Granule cells
- Lugaro cells
- Unipolar brush cells
- Martinotti cells
- Chandelier cells
- Medium spiny neurons
- Cajalâ€"Retzius cells
- Double-bouquet cells
- Neurogliaform cells
- Spinal interneuron
- Renshaw cells
- Principal cells
- Spindle neuron
- Pyramidal cells
- Place cells
- Grid cells
- Speed cells
- Head direction cells
- Betz cells
- Stellate cells
- Boundary cells
- Interneurons
- Astrocyte (various types)
- Oligodendrocyte
- Ependymal cells
- Tanycytes
Lens cells
- Anterior lens epithelial cell
- Crystallin-containing lens fiber cell
Derived primarily from mesoderm
Metabolism and storage cells
- Adipocytes:
- White fat cell
- Brown fat cell
- Liver lipocyte
Barrier function cells (lung, gut, exocrine glands and urogenital tract)
Kidney
- Kidney parietal cell
- Kidney glomerulus podocyte
- Kidney proximal tubule brush border cell
- Loop of Henle thin segment cell
- Kidney distal tubule cell
- Kidney collecting duct cell
- Principal cells
- Intercalated cells
Other
- Type I pneumocyte (lining air space of lung cell)
- Pancreatic duct cell (centroacinar cell)
- Nonstriated duct cell (of sweat gland, salivary gland, mammary gland, etc.)
- Principal cell
- Intercalated cell
- Duct cell (of seminal vesicle, prostate gland, etc.)
- Intestinal brush border cell (with microvilli)
- Exocrine gland striated duct cell
- Gall bladder epithelial cell
- Ductulus efferens nonciliated cell
- Epididymal principal cell
- Epididymal basal cell
- Endothelial cells
Extracellular matrix cells
- Ameloblast epithelial cell (tooth enamel secretion)
- Planum semilunatum epithelial cell of vestibular system of ear (proteoglycan secretion)
- Organ of Corti interdental epithelial cell (secreting tectorial membrane covering hair cells)
- Loose connective tissue fibroblasts
- Corneal fibroblasts (corneal keratocytes)
- Tendon fibroblasts
- Bone marrow reticular tissue fibroblasts
- Other nonepithelial fibroblasts
- Pericyte
- Nucleus pulposus cell of intervertebral disc
- Cementoblast/cementocyte (tooth root bonelike ewan cell secretion)
- Odontoblast/odontocyte (tooth dentin secretion)
- Hyaline cartilage chondrocyte
- Fibrocartilage chondrocyte
- Elastic cartilage chondrocyte
- Osteoblast/osteocyte
- Osteoprogenitor cell (stem cell of osteoblasts)
- Hyalocyte of vitreous body of eye
- Stellate cell of perilymphatic space of ear
- Hepatic stellate cell (Ito cell)
- Pancreatic stelle cell
Contractile cells
- Skeletal muscle cell
- Red skeletal muscle cell (slow)
- White skeletal muscle cell (fast)
- Intermediate skeletal muscle cell
- Nuclear bag cell of muscle spindle
- Nuclear chain cell of muscle spindle
- Satellite cell (stem cell)
- Heart muscle cells
- Ordinary heart muscle cell
- Nodal heart muscle cell
- Purkinje fiber cell
- Smooth muscle cell (various types)
- Myoepithelial cell of iris
- Myoepithelial cell of exocrine glands
Blood and immune system cells
- Erythrocyte (red blood cell)
- Megakaryocyte (platelet precursor)
- Monocyte (white blood cell)
- Connective tissue macrophage (various types)
- Epidermal Langerhans cell
- Osteoclast (in bone)
- Dendritic cell (in lymphoid tissues)
- Microglial cell (in central nervous system)
- Neutrophil granulocyte
- Eosinophil granulocyte
- Basophil granulocyte
- Hybridoma cell
- Mast cell
- Helper T cell
- Suppressor T cell
- Cytotoxic T cell
- Natural killer T cell
- B cell
- Natural killer cell
- Reticulocyte
- Hematopoietic stem cells and committed progenitors for the blood and immune system (various types)
Germ cells
- Oogonium/Oocyte
- Spermatid
- Spermatocyte
- Spermatogonium cell (stem cell for spermatocyte)
- Spermatozoon
Nurse cell
- Ovarian follicle cell
- Sertoli cell (in testis)
- Thymus epithelial cell
Interstitial cells
- Interstitial kidney cells
See also
- List of human cell types derived from the germ layers
References
External links
- Types of neurons from NeuroLex
- Eukaryotic cell types in COPE database.
- Human Cell Atlas
